How Does a Solenoid Valve Work?

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The term "solenoid" refers to the actuator and coil, also known as the "control element" or "magnetic actuator."

The coil consists of a copper wire wound around a core. When electric current is applied to the coil, magnetic flux lines are created which are strongest in the center of the coil.

This magnetic field lifts the movable magnetic armature in the coil until it touches the fixed core. The valve body is provided with an orifice through which the medium flows when the valve is open.

The movable magnetic armature has an integrated valve seal for sealing at the valve seat. When the solenoid coil is activated, the magnetic armature is lifted away from the valve orifice (direct actuation) or an orifice provided with a diaphragm (pilot operation).

When the coil is de-energized, a return spring brings the magnetic armature back to the original closed position, thereby interrupting the fluid flow.

Valve Body:
Main part of the solenoid valve with the necessary ports, seats, and orifices.

Armature Tube:
Stainless steel cylinder, hermetically sealed and closed at one end. This is the guiding channel for the movable magnetic armature, which is magnetically moved. The solenoid coil is located on the outside of the cylinder.

Magnetic Armature:
Made of ferritic stainless steel, it is attracted by the magnetic field of the electromagnet and moves inside the cylinder.

Armature Spring (or Return Spring):
Used to hold the movable plunger in position and to return it to the starting position when it is de-energized.

Seat Seal:
Part of the movable plunger. Used to close a main valve orifice or a pilot orifice.

Electromagnet (or Solenoid Coil):
Electrical part consisting of a copper winding (electromagnet) with a magnetic return (armature). When electric current flows through the part, it generates a magnetic flux that attracts the movable plunger.

Housing:
Component that contains and protects the coil.

Metal Yoke:
Metal housing that surrounds the coil and concentrates the electromagnetic force on the movable plunger.